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Review

A reference guide to synthesizing kicks, snares, and hi-hats from scratch.

Kick

Kick drums are the lowest drum sound in a drum kit. They can be fast and percussive like an acoustic kick or long and tonal like an 808.

Waveform:

  • Sine recommended.

  • Other waveforms are possible, but will fill up the frequency spectrum.

Amplitude Envelope:

  • Attack: 0 ms 

  • Decay: 100–300 ms 

  • Sustain: 0-40% 

  • Release: 10–150 ms

Pitch Envelope:

  • Attack: 0ms 

  • Decay: 30–80 ms 

  • Sustain: 0% 

  • Release: 10 ms


Snare

Snare drums live in the midrange of a drum kit. They can be sharp and punchy, or soft and lo-fi.

Waveform:

  • Use noise to mimic a snare rattle.

  • Sine wave for low-mid body.

Amplitude Envelope:

  • Attack: 0–5 ms

  • Decay: 20–200 ms

  • Sustain: 0-20%

  • Release: 10 ms

Pitch Envelope:

  • Attack: 0ms

  • Decay: 10–50 ms

  • Sustain: 0%

  • Release: 10 ms

Hi-Hat

Hi-hats are the highest sound in a drum kit. They can be short and transient like a closed hi-hat or longer like an open hi-hat.

Waveform:

  • Use noise.

  • No pitched oscillator needed.

Amplitude Envelope:

  • Attack: 0–5 ms

  • Decay: 50–150 ms (closed) or 300–800 ms (open)

  • Sustain: 0% (closed) or 20–40% (open)

  • Release: 10 ms (closed) or 450–750 ms (open)

Pitch Envelope: No pitch envelope needed.