
Review
A reference guide to synthesizing kicks, snares, and hi-hats from scratch.
Kick
Kick drums are the lowest drum sound in a drum kit. They can be fast and percussive like an acoustic kick or long and tonal like an 808.
Waveform:
Sine recommended.
Other waveforms are possible, but will fill up the frequency spectrum.
Amplitude Envelope:
Attack: 0 ms
Decay: 100–300 ms
Sustain: 0-40%
Release: 10–150 ms
Pitch Envelope:
Attack: 0ms
Decay: 30–80 ms
Sustain: 0%
Release: 10 ms
Snare
Snare drums live in the midrange of a drum kit. They can be sharp and punchy, or soft and lo-fi.
Waveform:
Use noise to mimic a snare rattle.
Sine wave for low-mid body.
Amplitude Envelope:
Attack: 0–5 ms
Decay: 20–200 ms
Sustain: 0-20%
Release: 10 ms
Pitch Envelope:
Attack: 0ms
Decay: 10–50 ms
Sustain: 0%
Release: 10 ms
Hi-Hat
Hi-hats are the highest sound in a drum kit. They can be short and transient like a closed hi-hat or longer like an open hi-hat.
Waveform:
Use noise.
No pitched oscillator needed.
Amplitude Envelope:
Attack: 0–5 ms
Decay: 50–150 ms (closed) or 300–800 ms (open)
Sustain: 0% (closed) or 20–40% (open)
Release: 10 ms (closed) or 450–750 ms (open)
Pitch Envelope: No pitch envelope needed.